1) Uni-Directional :- This topology can be used to create a reporting instance out of OLTP databases or to offload the reporting on OLTP or Production database.
2) Bi-Directional :- Can be used for Active-Active Instant failover.For example,If we want to apply patch on one database we can use another for our application like rolling upgrade in Oracle Real Application Clusters.
3) Peer-To-Peer :- Used in the case of High Availability and Load Balancing.High Availability mean if any of the database fails because of any reason(Hardware Failure,Disk Failure or Instance Failure) our application would not get affected becuase other two databases will be up and running.Other benefit is that load is also being shared between the databases equally.
4) Broadcast :- Used for Data Distribution.If we have Production database and we want to do different kind of things (reporting,testing and development)on the data being stored .Then we can distribute the data between same or different databases and can be used for different purposes mentioned above.
5) Consildation :- If want to create common datawarehouse by consolidating the data from the datamarts of various departments in the enterprise.
6) Cascading :- Can be used for Scalability and Database Tiering.If want the move the production database to testing database and then to move the results of testing into various other databases of other departments.We can use any of the above topologies in any manner to do cascading like in the diagram is Uni-directional and then Broadcasting is used.
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